Východné Slovensko has a wide range of educational opportunities with several universities, including the Technical University of Košice and the University of Prešov. Around 22% of 25-64 year olds have a tertiary degree, which is below the national average of 28%. Vocational education plays an important role, but faces the challenge of adapting to modern labour market requirements. STEM subjects are particularly promoted, with a focus on engineering, IT and technical professions. The region is increasingly investing in digital education and lifelong learning to support the development of skilled workers. Educational initiatives are co-financed by EU funds and national programmes. The educational integration of the Roma minority represents a particular challenge, with above-average school dropout rates. The brain drain of qualified graduates to economically stronger regions remains a persistent problem, which requires increased regional labour market integration and career opportunities.

Východné Slovensko contributes about 16% to Slovakia’s GDP, with a per capita GDP well below the national average. Traditionally, the economy was characterised by heavy industry and metallurgy, particularly around Košice, where U.S. Steel is one of the largest employers. In recent decades, partial diversification has taken place, with the automotive supply industry, electronics and IT services growing in importance. At around 10%, the unemployment rate is above the national average of 6.5%, with significant differences between urban centres and peripheral areas. Economic policy measures focus on attracting foreign investment, promoting SMEs and improving transport infrastructure. EU funding, including the Cohesion Fund, plays a significant role in regional development. Strategies for the future include sustainable tourism, digital transformation and knowledge-based services. However, economic development is hampered by infrastructure deficits, geographical remoteness and structural labour market problems.

National RIS3 strategy 

• Digital transformation: promoting digitalisation in the economy, administration and society.
• Green economy: promoting renewable energies, environmental protection and sustainable agriculture.
• Health and life sciences: innovations in healthcare and life sciences.
• Advanced manufacturing: strengthening industrial competitiveness through modern technologies (Industry 4.0).
• Cultural heritage and creativity: Exploiting cultural potential for innovation and tourism.

Region-specific RIS3 strategy (focus sectors)

• Agriculture and food industry: Strengthening agricultural production and processing.
• Green technologies: Developing renewable energies (e.g. wind, hydro and biogas) and energy efficiency.
• Wood processing and forestry: sustainable use of forest resources and innovative wood products.
• Culture and tourism: promotion of cultural heritage and tourism, particularly in rural areas.
• Health and wellness: development of health and wellness offers, particularly in thermal baths.

The region is facing a structural change as traditional industries decline and innovative sectors need to be developed. Emigration, a shortage of skilled workers and regional disparities are increasing the pressure on politics and the economy. At the same time, the expansion of renewable energies, tourism and digital services offer growth opportunities. Infrastructure modernisation and sustainability projects, for example to improve air quality, are becoming increasingly relevant. With targeted investments and cooperation, Východné Slovensko could increase its technological competitiveness and create new jobs by 2030.